Depo-Provera Lawsuit: Brain Tumor Claims Against Pfizer and Ongoing Litigation

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Depo-Provera is a birth control shot that many women in the United States have relied on for years. It’s given about once every three months and contains medroxyprogesterone acetate, a lab-made version of the hormone progesterone. In recent years, Depo shot lawsuits have been filed as women began sharing stories of serious health problems they believe are tied to long-term use of the shot. Some of them have been diagnosed with meningiomas, a type of brain tumor that can lead to lasting health challenges and needs intensive treatment.

The lawsuits accuse Pfizer, Inc. of knowing about these risks and not warning patients. Dozens of these claims have now been brought together in a multidistrict litigation (MDL) in the Northern District of Florida. If you’ve been diagnosed with a brain tumor after using Depo-Provera, you might be able to pursue compensation through a Depo-Provera lawsuit. Keep reading to learn more about the health risks being linked to the shot, the allegations against Pfizer, and the legal options available to those affected.

Depo-Provera Lawsuit

Depo-Provera: What Is It?

Depo-Provera, often called the birth control shot, is the brand name for medroxyprogesterone acetate. It’s an injectable form of contraception given in the arm or buttocks about every three months. It’s a highly effective, low-maintenance option that doesn’t require daily pills or regular device changes when taken on schedule.

Pfizer has made billions from Depo-Provera sales over the years. Nearly one in four sexually active women in the United States had used Depo-Provera at least once between 2015 and 2019, according to a December 2023 National Health Statistics Report.

The drug has a long and complicated history. Depo-Provera was first developed in the 1950s by Upjohn (now part of Pfizer). It was originally created as an injectable treatment for certain cancers, not birth control. Depo-Provera works by delivering a high dose of progestin that prevents ovulation. But early on, it ran into pushback from the FDA. Approval requests in 1967, 1978, and 1983 were denied because of cancer concerns, an early sign of the safety questions that fuel today’s Depo-Provera lawsuits over brain tumor risks.

While the U.S. held off, other countries moved forward. France approved it for contraception in 1969, and over the years, it became widely available abroad. It wasn’t until 1992 that the FDA finally gave the green light for contraceptive use in the United States.

Many women today still use Depo-Provera not only for birth control but also to help with conditions like endometriosis and heavy menstrual bleeding. It can even lower the risk of endometrial cancer. When used correctly, a single shot can prevent pregnancy for up to 14 weeks.

How Does Depo-Provera Work?

Depo-Provera is designed to prevent pregnancy in a few different ways. Its main job is to stop the ovaries from releasing an egg each month. Without ovulation, there’s nothing for sperm to fertilize.

It also makes other changes in the body that make pregnancy less likely:

  • Thicker cervical mucus so sperm have a harder time getting through to the egg. 
  • A thinner uterine lining, which makes it less likely for a fertilized egg to implant. 
  • An environment that’s not sperm-friendly, lowering their chances of survival and movement.

The shot is given in the arm or buttocks about every 12 weeks. It’s considered a very effective form of birth control when it’s taken on schedule.

What Are the Common Uses of Depo-Provera?

Depo-Provera is best known as a birth control shot that many women rely on. But it isn’t just for preventing pregnancy. The drug is also prescribed for a range of other health issues in women:

  • Heavy or Irregular Periods: Many women struggle with unpredictable or heavy bleeding, and Depo-Provera can help by regulating their cycle and reducing the amount of bleeding.
  • Endometriosis: This painful condition happens when tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside of it. Depo-Provera can slow the growth of that tissue and ease the pain.
  • Uterine Fibroids: While it doesn’t shrink fibroids, Depo-Provera may help manage the heavy bleeding and discomfort they cause.
  • Postpartum Bleeding: After giving birth, some women deal with heavy bleeding. Depo-Provera can be part of managing that to support recovery.
  • Lowering the Risk of Endometrial Cancer: By keeping the uterine lining in check, Depo-Provera may reduce the chance of this cancer in women at higher risk.
  • Hormonal Imbalances: Sometimes women who have stopped getting their periods due to hormonal issues use Depo-Provera to help bring their cycles back.

However, there are concerns about the long-term use of Depo-Provera, despite its benefits in many ways. Bone density loss is one of them, which means bones can get weaker over time. And now, the ongoing lawsuits are looking into whether Depo-Provera might raise the risk of serious health problems, like brain tumors known as meningiomas. These concerns are at the heart of the multidistrict litigation currently underway.

What Are the Common Depo-Provera Side Effects?

Depo-Provera can cause a variety of side effects. Some are mild and might ease up after a while, while others can be more serious or long-lasting. Regular checkups are important to catch any problems early and get the right treatment if you’re using the shot.

Here are some of the common side effects many women notice:

  • Changes in Menstrual Periods: Your bleeding might become irregular or spotty, especially in the first few months. Periods could get heavier, lighter, or stop completely. 
  • Weight Gain: This is one of the more common complaints. 
  • Headaches: Some women experience headaches, including migraines. 
  • Mood Changes: Mood swings, anxiety, depression, or nervousness can happen. 
  • Decreased Libido: A drop in sexual desire is reported by some. 
  • Breast Tenderness: You might feel soreness or discomfort in your breasts. 
  • Delayed Return to Fertility: After stopping Depo-Provera, it can take several months, sometimes over a year, for fertility to bounce back.

There are also less common side effects to be aware of:

  • Bone Density Loss: Using Depo-Provera long-term may weaken bones, raising the risk of fractures and osteoporosis. Because of this, doctors usually recommend limiting use to two years unless there’s a strong reason to continue. 
  • Nausea and Bloating: Some women feel queasy or bloated. 
  • Hair Changes: This might mean hair thinning or, in some cases, more hair growth on the face or body. 
  • Skin Reactions: Acne, rashes, or other skin issues can appear. 
  • Allergic Reactions: Though rare, some women might get hives, itching, or swelling. 
  • Injection Site Reactions: Pain, redness, or swelling where the shot was given is fairly common.

If you’ve experienced any of these side effects, especially the more serious ones, it’s a good idea to talk with your doctor. Some of these issues are at the heart of the ongoing Depo-Provera lawsuits that many women have filed.

What Are the Long-Term and Serious Side Effects of Depo-Provera?

Using Depo-Provera for a long time can lead to some serious health problems. Some effects might not go away, like bone loss, which can be permanent. Others include delays in getting pregnant again and ongoing changes in your menstrual cycle. There are also rare but serious risks like blood clots, cancer, and mental health issues.

Here’s what you should know:

  • Bone Loss: Depo-Provera lowers estrogen, which can make bones weaker over time. This raises the chance of fractures and osteoporosis, especially if you use it for more than two years. Because of this, doctors usually suggest not using it long-term unless it’s really needed.
  • Fertility Delay: After stopping the shot, it can take several months or even over a year to become fertile again. This can be hard if you want to get pregnant soon.
  • Irregular Periods: Long-term users may still have unpredictable bleeding or missed periods.
  • Blood Clots: Though rare, blood clots can form, which can cause serious problems like deep vein thrombosis, stroke, or heart attack.
  • Severe Mood Changes: Some women experience depression or strong mood swings, especially if they’ve had mental health issues before.
  • Allergic Reactions: Serious allergies can happen but are uncommon. These need quick medical care.
  • Liver Problems: The shot can affect your liver, causing issues like jaundice, especially if you already have liver problems.
  • Cancer Risk: Some studies suggest there might be a slightly higher chance of breast cancer with long-term use. If breast cancer runs in your family, it’s important to talk to your doctor.
  • Vision Changes: Rarely, some people notice vision problems that could mean serious issues like blood clots in the eye. If this happens, see a doctor immediately.

The FDA says it’s best not to use Depo-Provera for more than two years unless necessary because of these risks. If you notice any serious symptoms, don’t wait to get medical help.

Which Depo-Provera Side Effects Are Causing the Most Concern?

The biggest worry about Depo-Provera right now is a possible link to brain tumors called meningiomas. Recent studies show that women who use Depo-Provera for more than a year might have a higher chance of getting these tumors.

Depo-Provera contains a synthetic hormone similar to progesterone. Since meningiomas often react to progesterone, this hormone might help the tumors grow, especially after using the shot for a long time. Many women affected by these tumors have used Depo-Provera for several years. The risk isn’t clearly mentioned on the drug’s label in the U.S., even though recent research points to this connection.

Another serious side effect is bone loss.  Long-term use of Depo-Provera can weaken bones, making fractures and osteoporosis possible. Doctors usually advise not to use it for more than two years without checking bone health.

These side effects are the main focus of the current lawsuits: brain tumor risk and whether women were properly warned about it.

Studies Linking Depo-Provera to Meningiomas

Recent studies show a clear link between Depo-Provera and an increased risk of meningiomas, a type of brain tumor that reacts to hormones.

One big study from France, published in 2024, looked at data from over 18,000 women who had surgery for these tumors. It found that women who used Depo-Provera for a year or more were about five times more likely to develop meningiomas compared to women who didn’t use it. The risk didn’t go up for women who used it for less than a year, and it went down after they stopped using the shot for more than a year. This study focused specifically on the injectable form of Depo-Provera.

An older study from Indonesia in 2018 showed an even higher risk—around 30 times greater—for women who used the shot for a long time, especially over 10 years. This supports the idea that the longer you use Depo-Provera, the higher the risk.

Other studies from around the world agree: using synthetic hormones like the one in Depo-Provera for a long time raises the chance of these tumors, especially since meningiomas often have receptors that respond to these hormones.

Doctors have noticed that some tumors shrink after women stop using Depo-Provera, which suggests the hormone helps them grow.

That said, one recent article called for more research, especially about other hormonal drugs, but it didn’t disagree with the link for Depo-Provera’s injectable form.

Some countries have already updated their guidelines because of these findings. For example, France now requires doctors to check the risks and benefits every year when prescribing Depo-Provera. Other countries have added warnings about the tumor risk on the drug labels. The U.S. FDA, as of mid-2025, hasn’t made this update yet.

What Are Meningioma Brain Tumors?

A meningioma is a tumor that grows from the meninges, which are the layers of tissue that protect the brain and spinal cord. These tumors are the most common type of primary brain tumor in adults, making up around 37 to 42 percent of all cases. Most meningiomas are benign, meaning they’re not cancer, and they tend to grow slowly. Many people don’t even notice symptoms for years.

The World Health Organization divides meningiomas into three groups, based on how aggressive they are:

  • Grade I (Benign): These make up about 80 to 90 percent of meningiomas. They grow slowly and usually respond well to surgery. After removal, they rarely come back, but it depends on how much of the tumor was taken out. People with Grade I tumors usually have a good outlook.
  • Grade II (Atypical): About 15 to 20 percent of meningiomas fall here. These grow faster and are more likely to come back after treatment. They often need surgery plus radiation to keep them under control. These tumors are tougher to treat and cause more recurrences.
  • Grade III (Malignant/Anaplastic): These are rare (less than 3 percent of cases) but grow quickly and invade nearby brain tissue. Treatment is more intense and might include surgery, radiation, and sometimes chemotherapy. These tumors often come back and have a poorer survival rate.

Meningiomas happen more often in women, about 1.6 to 3 times more than in men, which is thought to be related to hormones. Most diagnoses happen in people in their 50s or 60s, and the risk goes up with age.

What Treatments Are Available for Meningioma?

How doctors treat meningiomas depends on the size of the tumor, where it’s located, how fast it’s growing, the symptoms it’s causing, and the patient’s overall health and age. Here are the common approaches:

  • Watching and Waiting: If the tumor is small, not causing problems, and growing slowly, doctors usually suggest just keeping an eye on it. Regular MRI scans help track any changes. Treatment only happens if the tumor starts growing or causes symptoms.

  • Surgery: Surgery is usually the first choice if the tumor is causing symptoms or growing. The goal is to take out as much of the tumor as possible, including the part where it started in the protective layers around the brain or spine. How much can be removed depends on the tumor’s location and what’s around it. Surgery often works well, especially for the less aggressive tumors.

  • Radiation Therapy: Radiation is an option when surgery can’t remove the whole tumor, if surgery isn’t safe, or if the tumor is more aggressive. There are a few kinds:

  • Stereotactic radiosurgery (like Gamma Knife) delivers a precise, high dose of radiation in one or a few treatments. 
  • Fractionated radiotherapy spreads out smaller doses over several weeks to protect nearby healthy tissue. 
  • Proton beam therapy uses protons to focus the radiation more narrowly, which helps reduce damage to other areas.

Radiation can shrink the tumor, slow its growth, or kill leftover cells after surgery.

  • Chemotherapy and Other Treatments: Chemo isn’t often used for meningiomas. It’s usually reserved for tumors that come back, are very aggressive, or don’t respond to other treatments. Some newer drugs and therapies are being tested, but there’s no standard chemotherapy for meningiomas yet.

What Are the Symptoms of a Brain Tumor Linked to Depo-Provera?

Meningiomas are a type of brain tumor that might be connected to Depo-Provera. They usually grow slowly and may not cause any symptoms for a while. But as they get bigger, they can press on the brain and cause problems.

If you’ve used Depo-Provera and notice any of these signs, talk to your doctor ASAP:

  • Blurry or double vision 
  • Hearing loss or ringing in your ears 
  • Losing your sense of smell 
  • Seizures 
  • Trouble talking or understanding others 
  • Weakness or numbness in your arms or legs 
  • Headaches that don’t go away 
  • Changes in your mood or memory 
  • Feeling dizzy or having trouble with balance

Most of these tumors aren’t cancer, but they can still cause serious health issues. Treatment like surgery or radiation might be needed.

If you’ve been diagnosed with a brain tumor after using Depo-Provera, you might be able to get help with medical bills and other costs. Keep reading to find out more.

Depo Lawsuits Against Pfizer

Because of serious side effects like meningiomas and bone density loss, many women who used Depo-Provera have started filing Depo lawsuits against Pfizer.

Pfizer took over Depo-Provera in 2003 after merging with Pharmacia, becoming responsible for the drug’s safety and quality. Since then, concerns have grown over the risks linked to long-term use of Depo-Provera.

Research suggests that women using Depo-Provera for more than a year may be up to five times more likely to develop meningiomas, a type of brain tumor. Despite this evidence, Pfizer has not updated the drug’s warning labels to properly inform patients about these risks.

Because of this, many affected women believe Pfizer failed to provide necessary warnings and are pursuing legal action.

MDL 3140, IN RE: Depo-Provera (Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate) Products Liability Litigation

MDL 3140 brings together multiple lawsuits about Depo-Provera, the birth control shot, into one federal court case. These cases are being heard in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Florida, with Judge M. Casey Rodgers presiding since February 2025. The lawsuits claim that Depo-Provera and its generic forms may raise the risk of developing meningiomas, a type of brain tumor.

By mid-2025, dozens of cases remain pending, and new claims continue to be added as more women learn about the potential risks. The plaintiffs say they developed brain tumors after using Depo-Provera for a long time and that Pfizer and other manufacturers didn’t properly warn users.

Pfizer denies these claims, stating the drug is safe when used correctly. The court is focused on questions like whether Depo-Provera causes these tumors, whether the makers knew about the risks, and if they gave enough warnings.

There’s also discussion about safer options, like Depo-SubQ Provera 104, which uses a lower dose and a different injection method.

Consolidating the lawsuits in one court helps keep things organized and avoid conflicting rulings. While the cases are grouped, each claim is treated individually.

To take part, plaintiffs need to prove they used Depo-Provera and were harmed. Sometimes missing medical records can make this tricky. Deadlines for filing may be extended since some say they didn’t learn about the risks until recently.

If you or a loved one was diagnosed with a brain tumor after Depo-Provera, it’s important to understand the legal options available. This MDL is an important part of making sure companies are held responsible and that affected women can seek compensation.

Who Are the Possible Defendants in a Depo-Provera Lawsuit?

If you’re looking at a Depo-Provera shot lawsuit, these are the main companies you’ll hear about:

  • Pfizer Inc.: Pfizer is the main defendant. They took over Depo-Provera after merging with Pharmacia & Upjohn in 2002. Since then, Pfizer has been in charge of the drug’s production, safety information, and labeling. With the most resources and responsibility, Pfizer is the key target in these cases.
  • Viatris Inc.: Viatris came about after a merger between Upjohn, Greenstone, and Mylan in 2020. They’re involved because they helped distribute and sell Depo-Provera and its “authorized generic” versions.
  • Greenstone, LLC: Greenstone is a Pfizer subsidiary that distributes the “authorized generic” form of Depo-Provera. It’s chemically the same as the branded drug but without the brand name on the label.
  • Prasco Labs: Prasco got the license to distribute the authorized generic version of Depo-Provera in late 2020 after Pfizer had to sell Greenstone. Prasco says it isn’t responsible for lawsuits involving Depo-Provera use before they started distributing it.
  • Pharmacia & Upjohn: Before Pfizer, Pharmacia & Upjohn held the rights to Depo-Provera. They’re named in Depo shot lawsuits for not addressing safety concerns before Pfizer took over.

What Are the Allegations in the Depo-Provera Lawsuits?

The Depo shot lawsuits focus on several important points:

  • Compensation for Harm: People affected are asking for money to cover their physical injuries, emotional pain, medical bills, lost income, and overall impact on their lives due to Depo-Provera’s risks and lack of proper warnings.
  • Failure to Warn: A big part of the claims is that Pfizer didn’t give enough warning to patients and doctors about the increased chance of developing meningiomas due to long-term use of Depo-Provera. Even though studies have pointed to this risk for years and some countries have added warnings, the U.S. label still hasn’t fully updated to reflect it.
  • Fraudulent Concealment: Some lawsuits say Pfizer tried to hide or downplay the safety issues, including not reporting problems properly and misleading regulators and the public about the dangers.
  • Health Problems: Users have experienced serious issues like brain tumors and neurological problems that they believe come from using Depo-Provera.
  • Negligence: Plaintiffs argue Pfizer didn’t do enough long-term safety testing before selling the drug and didn’t act quickly when safety concerns came up after it was on the market.
  • Design Defect: Some say the way Depo-Provera is made makes it unsafe for long-term use, calling it defectively designed.
  • Breach of Warranty: There are claims that Pfizer failed to keep promises about the drug’s safety by not sharing what they knew about the risks.

The lawsuit Depo-Provera users pursue focuses on product liability and negligence claims.

Depo-Provera Lawsuit Update (2025)

August 1, 2025 – New Study Links Depo-Provera to Higher Brain Tumor Risk 

A new study has found that women who used Depo-Provera for more than a year were 3.5 times more likely to develop a meningioma (a type of brain tumor) compared to women who took combination birth control pills. This research strengthens cases for women suing the drug’s makers for not warning about this risk.

July 17, 2025 – Nearly 100 More Lawsuits Filed 

In just a month, almost 100 women joined the federal lawsuit over brain tumors linked to Depo-Provera, bringing the total to 435 cases. Pfizer is pushing a “pre-emption” defense, arguing the FDA wouldn’t have let them warn women about this risk. Women can still join the lawsuit.

July 2, 2025 – Court Deadlines Set 

Judge M. Casey Rodgers has set new deadlines in the case. Pfizer is again using the pre-emption defense, a tactic drug companies often try but rarely win. The court aims to wrap up pre-emption arguments by October.

June 17, 2025 – Case Status Update Filed 

Before an upcoming court meeting, both sides submitted a status update. Discovery is ongoing, with Pfizer already turning over more than 10 million pages of documents. Lawyers for the women will review these records for proof the companies knew about the brain tumor risk but didn’t warn patients.

June 2, 2025 – Court Streamlines Complaint Process 

Judge Rodgers approved a process to fix errors in filed complaints. Each plaintiff must list the exact Depo-Provera product used and the specific type of brain tumor diagnosed. This is meant to keep the case moving efficiently.

May 20, 2025 – Claim Requirements Clarified 

Judge Rodgers clarified that every plaintiff must fill out a Proof of Use/Injury Questionnaire and submit medical records showing they developed an intracranial meningioma after using Depo-Provera. Timely, complete documentation is crucial for having a valid claim.

May 13, 2025 – Pfizer Turns Over 1 Million More Documents 

Pfizer and two other defendants have now produced over 8 million pages of documents. Plaintiffs’ lawyers will be reviewing them for missing or hidden information. The scientific evidence in these cases remains strong.

May 1, 2025 – Generic Manufacturers Must Join Discovery 

Judge Rodgers confirmed that generic makers Greenstone LLC and Viatris Inc. must participate fully in the case. Lawyers will investigate what these companies knew about Depo-Provera’s link to brain tumors.

April 16, 2025 – Co-Defendants Miss Court Deadline 

Generic Depo-Provera makers Greenstone and Viatris missed a court-ordered filing deadline in the group lawsuit. They have since submitted the required affidavits, but Judge M. Casey Rodgers stressed the importance of meeting deadlines. Missing one this early could hurt their credibility in the case.

April 1, 2025 – Record Collection Made Easier for Plaintiffs 

Women in the lawsuit will need medical, insurance, and pharmacy records to support their claims. Judge Rodgers issued an order to make gathering these records easier, especially for women who took Depo-Provera decades ago. She also requested distribution records from Pfizer, which could strengthen some claims.

March 18, 2025 – Direct Filing in Florida Now Allowed 

Women with Depo-Provera-related brain tumor claims can now file directly in Florida federal court. This avoids the usual step of filing in state court first, speeding up the process without losing any legal benefits.

March 3, 2025 – Special Master and Data Administrator Appointed 

Judge Rodgers appointed retired Judge David Herndon as Special Master to help manage the litigation and a data administrator to handle the large number of documents. She will oversee five pilot cases, signaling that the court wants this case to move quickly.

February 26, 2025 – Attorneys Outline Next Steps 

With the group lawsuit now formed, lawyers are setting timelines, exchanging documents, appointing lead attorneys, and debating whether claims involving generic Depo-Provera will be allowed.

February 21, 2025 – Lawsuit Progressing Quickly 

Since the MDL was created, Judge Rodgers has already moved state-level cases to Florida federal court and held a case management conference. She is known for handling large mass torts efficiently, raising hopes for quicker settlements, possibly within 1–2 years.

February 7, 2025 – Multidistrict Litigation Approved 

The Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation created MDL 3140 for Depo-Provera brain tumor cases. This lets women file as part of a group while keeping their own claims for compensation. The MDL will be handled in the Northern District of Florida, likely by Judge Rodgers.

February 3, 2025 – MDL Location Still Pending 

A January 30 hearing confirmed that the Depo-Provera MDL would move forward, but not where it would be based. Lawyers debated between California and New York. A final decision from the Judicial Panel was expected by February 7.

January 28, 2025 – MDL Decision Expected Soon 

Women suing over Depo-Provera-related brain tumors are waiting for a decision on how their cases will be handled. A hearing in early February will decide if the lawsuits will be combined into one multidistrict litigation (MDL). Plaintiffs are pushing for California federal court, which could offer better filing options for women who used generic versions.

January 16, 2025 – Lawsuits Likely to Move Forward as MDL 

The Depo-Provera brain tumor cases will likely be grouped into an MDL instead of a class action. In an MDL, each woman keeps her own claim and can pursue compensation for her specific injuries, while benefiting from the efficiency of a consolidated process.

January 15, 2025 – Pfizer Uses Pre-Emption Defense 

Pfizer claims it tried to add a warning about meningiomas (brain tumors) to Depo-Provera’s label but says the FDA rejected the change for lack of evidence. This is part of a common legal strategy known as a pre-emption defense, which rarely succeeds. Many legal experts still believe Pfizer will face liability.

January 10, 2025 – MDL Hearing Set for End of January 

A hearing on January 30 will determine if the lawsuits will be consolidated into an MDL and where they will be heard. Plaintiffs want the cases in California, while defendants are pushing for New York. Because Pfizer agrees an MDL should be created, the lawsuits are likely to move forward.

January 3, 2025 – Pfizer Agrees to MDL but Wants New York Venue 

Pfizer has agreed the Depo-Provera brain tumor lawsuits should be consolidated into an MDL. However, they want the cases heard in New York, while plaintiffs prefer California. The Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation will make the final decision.

January 2, 2025 – Attorneys Push for Depo-Provera MDL 

Attorneys representing 22 women with brain tumors have formally requested that the lawsuits be combined into an MDL. If approved, this would allow women to join the group litigation while keeping their individual claims for compensation.

December 23, 2024 – Black and Hispanic Women May Face Higher Risks 

CDC data shows that 42% of Black women and 27% of Hispanic women have used Depo-Provera, compared to 20% of white women and 7% of Asian women. This means Black and Hispanic women may be more affected by brain tumors linked to the birth control shot, highlighting disparities in contraceptive use and potential health risks.

December 18, 2024 – California Woman Files Lawsuit Years After Tumor Diagnosis 

Faith Lowery of Bakersfield, CA, filed a Depo-Provera lawsuit more than 10 years after her first brain tumor diagnosis. She used Depo-Provera from 2001 to 2014, receiving about 50 injections. In 2014, she developed severe symptoms and was diagnosed with a meningioma, requiring brain surgery. She was diagnosed with another meningioma in 2022. Lowery says she only recently learned her tumors may be linked to Depo-Provera, showing that even women diagnosed years ago may still have the right to file claims.

December 11, 2024 – California Venue Could Help Women Who Took Generic Depo-Provera 

Attorneys have asked to consolidate Depo-Provera lawsuits in California federal court. California’s strong innovator liability laws would let women sue Pfizer even if they took generic versions of the drug. This could help more women, especially those who used the generic form, seek compensation for brain tumors linked to the birth control shot.

December 3, 2024 – Consolidation Could Protect Future Claimants 

Plaintiffs’ attorneys have requested that current and future Depo-Provera lawsuits be grouped into an MDL. This would allow women who develop brain tumors in the future, possibly years after stopping the drug, to join the litigation. The motion specifically includes any future cases involving Depo-Provera and cerebral meningiomas.

December 2, 2024 – Six Defendants Named in MDL Request 

In their request to create an MDL, attorneys for 22 women named six companies as defendants: Pfizer, Pharmacia & Upjohn Co. LLC, Greenstone LLC, Viatris Inc., Pharmacia LLC, and Prasco LLC. These companies manufactured or sold Depo-Provera and its generic versions. If the MDL is approved, all could face liability for allegedly causing brain tumors.

November 27, 2024 – Depo-Provera Cases Could Form MDL 

Lawyers for plaintiffs have asked the Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation to combine 22 Depo-Provera lawsuits into an MDL, proposing the Northern District of California. Pfizer’s defense team may push for New York instead, which is considered more favorable to pharmaceutical companies and is home to Pfizer’s headquarters. The panel will review the request in early 2025, with more filings expected before the hearing.

November 26, 2024 – Legal Grounds in the Depo-Provera Lawsuit 

These lawsuits claim Pfizer failed to warn about serious side effects, including the link between Depo-Provera and brain tumors. If you’ve been diagnosed with a brain tumor or meningioma after using the drug, you may be eligible for compensation. Ethen Ostroff Law has reviewed related claims and offers free case evaluations.

November 22, 2024 – New Lawsuit Targets Healthcare Groups and Pharmacies 

On November 15, 2024, Madison Le filed suit in California against Pfizer, other Depo-Provera makers, and organizations like Kaiser Permanente. Her attorneys say these groups knew about the risks through their own research but continued to profit from the drug’s use.

November 21, 2024 – Some Depo-Provera Brain Tumors Can’t Be Operated On 

While many women with Depo-Provera-related meningiomas undergo surgery, some tumors can’t be removed because of their location or involvement with critical brain structures. Inoperable tumors may require radiation, hormone therapy, or experimental treatments, often leading to prolonged symptoms and life disruption.

November 20, 2024 – Nevada Woman Develops Three Brain Tumors After 20 Years of Use 

Tina Stephens-Smith used Depo-Provera for two decades before developing headaches, vision problems, and speech issues. Scans revealed three calcified meningiomas. Her lawsuit alleges Pfizer knew of the risks but failed to warn U.S. patients.

November 19, 2024 – Study Backs Preoperative Imaging for Meningioma Patients 

A review in the Journal of Neuroimaging stresses the value of advanced imaging for meningioma patients, especially those with tumors linked to Depo-Provera. Better imaging can improve surgical planning and patient outcomes.

November 18, 2024 – Study Finds 53% Higher Meningioma Risk 

A Swedish study of over 1 million women found that Depo-Provera users had a 53% greater chance of developing a meningioma. The U.S. rate is about 11 cases per 100,000 women annually; for Depo-Provera users, it’s closer to 16.

November 15, 2024 – Progesterone Study Strengthens Lawsuits 

A January 2024 study by David Bailey found that stopping progesterone drugs like Depo-Provera can shrink meningiomas. This supports both the general and specific causation arguments lawyers need to prove in court.

November 14, 2024 – Ongoing Concerns About Meningioma Risk 

Ethen Ostroff Law continues to hear from people worried about brain tumors after using Depo-Provera. Meningiomas can cause headaches, vision issues, neurological damage, and sometimes permanent disability.

November 12, 2024 – Canada Warns Patients, U.S. Still Does Not 

Pfizer has warned Canadian patients about the meningioma risk from Depo-Provera since at least 2016 but has not added the same warning for U.S. patients. Many American women are just now learning of the risk and are suing for lack of disclosure.

November 9, 2024 – California Woman Files Lawsuit After Brain Tumor Surgery 

Mayra Valencia took Depo-Provera for 23 years before an MRI revealed a brain tumor. She underwent major surgery in 2024 to remove it. Her lawsuit points to studies going back to 1983 linking progesterone use to meningiomas.

November 7, 2024 – Potentially High Settlement Values 

Depo-Provera settlements may exceed $100,000 on average, with some much higher. Factors include the strong evidence of risk, severity of the injury, Pfizer’s financial capacity, and the relatively small number of expected lawsuits compared to other mass torts.

November 1, 2024 – Lawsuits May Also Explore Breast Cancer Link 

While most lawsuits focus on meningiomas, older studies have suggested a possible connection between Depo-Provera and breast cancer, especially in long-term users.

November 1, 2024 – California Woman Files After Two Brain Tumor Surgeries 

Anjanna Lawson began Depo-Provera injections at age 16 and used them until 2024. She has undergone brain surgery and radiation but still lives with symptoms. Her lawsuit names Pfizer and multiple related companies as defendants.

October 29, 2024 – New California Lawsuit May Push Toward MDL 

Kathleen Fazio has filed suit against Pfizer and related companies in the Central District of California. Early federal filings suggest lawyers may soon ask to consolidate Depo-Provera cases into an MDL, allowing one judge to oversee pretrial proceedings.

No cases have been filed in New York, where Pfizer is based, because of historically unfavorable rulings. Instead, early filings are expected in California, Massachusetts, Vermont, and Illinois, states more open to “innovator liability” claims that allow brand-name makers to be sued over injuries caused by generic versions.

October 28, 2024 – Another California Woman Sues Pfizer 

Monique Jones has filed in the Central District of California, adding to a growing trend of lawsuits in states with strong innovator liability laws. Her complaint claims Pfizer can be held responsible for failing to update safety warnings, even for patients who took generic versions, because generic labels must match the original drug’s label.

October 25, 2024 – Indiana Woman Sues Over Brain Tumor 

Lesley Noble took Depo-Provera for 20 years before being diagnosed with a brain tumor in 2017. After surgery, the tumor regrew within six months, leading to 36 rounds of radiation. She and her husband are demanding a jury trial for the harm she has endured.

October 22, 2024 – First Federal Lawsuit Lists 9 Allegations 

Kristina Schmidt’s lawsuit in California federal court accuses Pfizer and co-defendants of nine counts, including failure to warn, defective design, negligence, misrepresentation, and breach of warranty. She alleges the companies knowingly sold a drug that could cause meningiomas without proper warnings.

October 17, 2024 – Possible Link to Spinal Cord Tumors 

New research suggests Depo-Provera’s hormone exposure may also cause spinal meningiomas. While less than 13% of meningiomas occur in the spinal cord, they make up about a quarter of all spinal tumors.

October 11, 2024 – Pfizer’s Role in Generic Liability Under Scrutiny 

A key issue in these lawsuits is whether Pfizer can be held liable for tumors caused by its “authorized generic” versions of Depo-Provera. Many of these generics were made by Pfizer-owned subsidiaries at the same facilities as the brand drug. Courts are expected to spend years debating Pfizer’s responsibility.

October 4, 2024 – California Woman Sues Over Brain Tumor 

Kristina Schmidt filed in Northern California, alleging her brain tumor was caused by Depo-Provera 17 years after use. She has undergone significant treatments and claims Pfizer knew for decades about the risk but failed to warn.

October 4, 2024 – Depo-Provera Linked to Major Cancer Risk Increase 

Early studies suggest Depo-Provera increases the risk of certain tumors more than fivefold, one of the highest rates among commercial drugs. For comparison, Roundup litigation involved a 69% increased cancer risk and saw verdicts topping $1 billion. Lawyers believe the Depo-Provera evidence is even stronger.

August 2024 – New Cases Keep Coming In 

Depo-Provera lawsuits continue to be filed nationwide. People who believe they’ve been affected are encouraged to contact Ethen Ostroff Law for a free case review.

July 14, 2024 – New York Nurse Diagnosed with Brain Tumor 

A nurse from New York says Depo-Provera injections caused her brain tumor. She began experiencing severe headaches and trouble speaking before undergoing surgery in May 2024. She is now recovering.

July 12, 2024 – Pfizer Has Not Updated U.S. Warning Label 

Even with growing evidence connecting Depo-Provera to brain tumors, Pfizer has yet to update its U.S. warning label to reflect the risk.

April 25, 2024 – Pfizer Responds to BMJ Study 

Pfizer publicly acknowledged a British Medical Journal study linking Depo-Provera to brain tumors. The company says it is working with regulators to update its product labels.

March 29, 2024 – BMJ Study Finds Higher Tumor Risk 

A British Medical Journal study reports that people who use an injectable form of medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) for a year or more may face an increased risk of meningioma, a type of brain tumor.

October 31, 2021 – Canada Settlement on Bone Density Loss 

A Canada-wide class action settlement was reached over Depo-Provera’s link to bone density loss. This case set a precedent for current lawsuits involving brain tumor claims.

May 2008 – Quebec Court Certifies Class Action 

The Superior Court of Quebec certified a national class action against Pfizer regarding Depo-Provera’s safety.

November 2004 – FDA Issues Black Box Warning 

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration required Pfizer to add a “black box” warning to Depo-Provera labels. It warns that prolonged use may lead to irreversible and serious bone density loss.

How to File a Lawsuit for Depo-Provera

If you’re thinking about filing a Depo-Provera lawsuit, here’s a clear look at the steps involved. Having someone who knows these cases well can really help you stay on track.

  • Check if you qualify. You’ll need a diagnosis of a brain tumor like meningioma after using Depo-Provera. It’s important to have proof you used the shot, like medical records or prescription history showing you got at least two injections.
  • Talk to a lawyer. Find someone who handles cases like this, especially ones involving medications and hormone-related issues. Many offer free first meetings to see if you have a case.
  • Collect your papers. Get copies of your medical records, including any scans or tests that show your diagnosis, plus your treatment details. Also gather anything that shows when you used Depo-Provera, like prescriptions or pharmacy receipts. Notes from your doctor or people close to you can help too.
  • File the Depo-Provera shot lawsuit. Your lawyer will take care of submitting the Depo shot lawsuit in the right court, making sure it’s done before any deadlines run out. These time limits vary depending on where you live.
  • Share information. Both sides will exchange evidence, like your medical records and expert opinions connecting Depo-Provera to brain tumors.
  • Talk settlements. Most cases settle before going to trial. Your lawyer will work with Pfizer’s team to reach an agreement that covers your medical bills, lost income, and other costs. You’ll review any offers carefully before deciding.
  • Go to trial if needed. If a fair deal can’t be reached, your case may go before a judge or jury. Your lawyer will present your side, and they’ll decide the outcome.
  • After the trial. If you win, your lawyer will help get your compensation. If not, they can explain your options, like appealing the decision.
  • Keep up with your health. It’s important to keep up with your medical care and stay in touch with your lawyer for any updates or next steps.

Depo Shot Lawsuit Eligibility

To qualify, you need to meet all these requirements:

  • You have a confirmed diagnosis of meningioma (any grade) or another benign brain tumor, which will be reviewed case by case. 
  • The diagnosis happened after using Depo-Provera, not before. 
  • Your diagnosis occurred in 2004 or later. 
  • You used Depo-Provera continuously for at least one year. 
  • You must have used one of these products:

  • Brand-name Depo-Provera or Depo-SubQ Provera by Pfizer. 
  • Authorized generic versions from Pharmacia & Upjohn, Greenstone, A-S Medication Solutions, Prasco, or Preferred Pharmaceuticals.

  • Also, the statute of limitations in your state must still be valid, and you should not have filed or settled claims with other law firms.

If you want to check if you qualify, contact Ethen Ostroff Law for a free case review.

What Factors Can Disqualify You from a Depo-Provera Lawsuit?

Not everyone who used Depo-Provera will qualify for a lawsuit. Some common disqualifiers include:

  • Having a history of brain tumors or neurological problems before using Depo-Provera. 
  • Using only non-brand or unauthorized generic versions of the drug. 
  • Not being diagnosed with a meningioma or brain tumor after Depo-Provera use. 
  • Being diagnosed before 2004 or having a tumor linked to other hormonal medications.

Also, if you haven’t used Depo-Provera or its authorized generics at least twice, or if you’ve already filed or settled a claim with another law firm, you may not qualify.

For a full eligibility check, reach out to Ethen Ostroff Law for a free case review.

What Evidence Is Needed to File a Depo Lawsuit?

To file a Depo lawsuit, you need proof that connects the drug to your diagnosis and shows how it affected your life. Important evidence includes:

  • Hospital bills for treatment of your brain tumor. 
  • Prescription records for Depo-Provera or its authorized generics. 
  • Doctor’s notes about your diagnosis and care. 
  • Medical reports and scans, such as MRIs, that confirm your tumor. 
  • Records of any surgeries, radiation, or other treatments you received. 
  • Pharmacy receipts showing when you filled your prescriptions. 
  • Pay stubs or work records to show lost income due to illness. 
  • Your written statements describing your symptoms and experience. 
  • Statements from family or friends about how the illness has affected you.

Gathering them helps support your Depo lawsuit claim.

Recoverable Damages in a Depo-Provera Case

If you were diagnosed with a brain tumor after using Depo-Provera, you might be able to seek compensation for several kinds of losses, such as:

  • Medical bills for past treatments and future care like surgeries and hospital stays 
  • Wages lost during recovery and reduced ability to earn money going forward 
  • Physical pain and emotional hardships, including stress and anxiety 
  • Loss of enjoyment in everyday activities and any lasting disabilities or scars 
  • Effects on your marriage or close personal relationships 
  • Additional costs like travel for appointments, home care, and legal fees 
  • Punitive damages if the company’s actions were particularly careless 
  • Funeral expenses and loss of financial support if a loved one died

Depo-Provera Lawsuit Settlement and Payout Amounts

Settlements in Depo-Provera cases can vary a lot depending on many factors. Since the lawsuits are still new, payouts usually range from around $100,000 up to $5 million or more, depending on the situation.

  • How serious the brain tumor is and how much it affects daily life. Bigger or more damaging tumors usually mean higher payouts. 
  • Medical bills for past and future treatment like surgeries, hospital visits, and medication. Higher costs usually lead to bigger settlements. 
  • Lost wages or reduced ability to work because of the illness. The more income lost, the higher the payout. 
  • Physical pain and emotional distress, including how much the injury has affected the person’s happiness and quality of life.

Strong evidence linking the tumor to Depo-Provera helps cases a lot. If Pfizer is found to have acted badly on purpose or through gross negligence, the payout can be much higher because of punitive damages. Most cases settle out of court for a guaranteed amount, but trials could bring bigger payouts or risk losing everything.

Small Depo lawsuits with minor tumors might settle for $100,000 to $500,000. Serious cases needing lots of treatment and showing negligence can reach $1 million to $5 million or more.

What Are the Deadlines for Filing a Depo Claim?

The time you have to file a Depo shot lawsuit depends on your state and usually falls between 1 and 6 years from when you discovered the injury. For most personal injury or product liability cases, that clock starts when you are diagnosed or when you realize your condition is linked to Depo-Provera. If the injury wasn’t obvious right away, some states may allow extra time to file.

There are special rules for minors or people who can’t handle their own affairs. In those cases, the deadline may pause until they turn 18 or regain capacity. Wrongful death claims have different deadlines, usually starting from the date of death. Because these rules vary a lot, it’s important to talk to an attorney at Ethen Ostroff Law as soon as possible. We’ll help make sure you don’t miss your chance and assist with gathering all the needed documents.

How Can a Depo-Provera Lawyer Help You?

Cases involving Depo-Provera and brain tumors can be very complex. Big companies like Pfizer have experienced legal teams working hard to protect their interests. That’s why having a knowledgeable attorney on your side is crucial. To make sure your case gets the attention it deserves and to level the playing field, a skilled lawyer will:

  • Review your case and explain your legal options. 
  • Collect and organize evidence to back up your claim. 
  • Take care of all the paperwork and court deadlines. 
  • Walk you through each step of the process. 
  • Work to negotiate a fair settlement for you. 
  • Stand up for you in court if it goes to trial. 
  • Keep an eye on related cases to help your claim. 
  • Make sure the company is held responsible for any harm.

Let Ethen Ostroff Law Stand With You

Depo-Provera has changed the lives of many women and their families in tough ways. Brain tumors affect not just health but everyday life and financial stability. If this is your case, it’s important to know what steps you can take next. We focus on getting clear answers, collecting the proof you need, and challenging those responsible, helping you recover the compensation that reflects all you’ve been through.

At Ethen Ostroff Law, our approach includes:

  • We review your medical history and prescription records carefully to understand your Depo-Provera use and diagnosis timeline. 
  • We consult with medical experts who can clearly explain the connection between Depo-Provera and your brain tumor. 
  • We gather all important evidence, including treatment records and personal statements, to strengthen your claim. 
  • We manage the entire legal process, making sure all paperwork is filed on time and deadlines are met. 
  • We negotiate settlement offers with insurance companies or Pfizer to get you fair compensation. 
  • If a fair settlement can’t be reached, we prepare your case fully to go to trial and advocate for your rights.

Reach out today for a free consultation. You pay nothing unless we win your lawsuit.

Frequently Asked Questions

Yes. As of 2025, lawsuits are underway claiming Pfizer failed to warn about serious health risks, including a higher chance of developing meningioma brain tumors after long-term use. Research shows women who used the shot for at least a year face a significantly greater risk of these tumors, which can cause severe neurological issues. Over 400 cases are part of a federal multidistrict litigation (MDL), and the number is expected to grow as more people learn about the potential dangers.

As of mid-2025, around 550 cases are active in the federal MDL. This number has been climbing quickly in recent months, and lawyers expect it could eventually reach 16,000 to 18,000 as more people come forward. There are also a smaller number of related lawsuits in state courts. The MDL process allows these cases to move through the courts more efficiently while keeping each person’s claim separate.

Payouts vary based on the severity of the injury. Severe cases involving aggressive brain tumors and major life impacts could see settlements between $650,000 and over $1.5 million, while moderate cases may range from $300,000 to $650,000. Less severe cases may settle for under $300,000, with the lowest payouts going to those with minimal or no symptoms. These numbers are early estimates and may change as trials progress and more settlement data becomes available.

Depo-Provera is still FDA-approved and effective at preventing pregnancy, but it comes with serious risks. Studies and lawsuits link it to meningioma brain tumors, bone density loss, blood clots, and severe depression. U.S. labels warn about some of these dangers but do not yet include the brain tumor warning that exists in Europe. Anyone considering or currently using the shot should have a careful discussion with their healthcare provider about the benefits and risks.

There isn’t a traditional Depo-Provera class action lawsuit where all claimants are part of one single case. Instead, the lawsuits are being handled through a multidistrict litigation (MDL), which acts like a Depo class action lawsuit by combining cases for efficiency but keeps each person’s claim separate. Instead of a Depo shot class action lawsuit, this MDL was set up in early 2025 in the Northern District of Florida to manage the increasing number of claims related to brain tumors linked to Depo-Provera. If you’re considering a claim, this MDL process means your case will be part of a larger group while still allowing individual attention to your specific situation.

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While in law school, he distinguished himself as Executive Editor of JURIS Magazine, received the prestigious CALI Excellence for the Future Award, and completed five hands-on internships that laid a strong foundation for his legal career.


Nicholas began his post-graduate career clerking for the Honorable Linda Rovder Fleming in the Cambria County Court of Common Pleas. From there, he quickly found his calling in workers’ compensation, personal injury, and Social Security disability law—areas where he could directly impact people’s lives in moments of crisis. He’s helped clients navigate complex legal claims, including securing a settlement exceeding $300,000.

Nicholas brings clear communication, genuine empathy, and an unrelenting drive to achieve the best outcomes for his clients. Whether he’s navigating a complex workers’ comp claim or pushing for a major settlement, he brings focus, dedication, and deep legal knowledge to every case.

He’s also a proud member of Pennsylvania Advocates for Justice and remains active in various professional legal organizations. Nicholas is licensed to practice law in Pennsylvania.

When he’s not fighting for the injured, Nicholas is enjoying time with his family, kicking a soccer ball around, hitting the golf course, or cheering on Pittsburgh’s local teams.

Joe Ring heads the workers’ compensation department at Ethen Ostroff Law, where he takes pride in fighting for injured workers.

Joe is a Philadelphia native and maintains deep roots in the area.  As the grandson of a Philadelphia Firefighter, son of a Philadelphia public school teacher, and veteran of the United State Marine Corps, he was taught to value service, dedication, and hard work.   He applies these values to every case and takes great satisfaction in representing hard-working clients with those same traits.

After obtaining his bachelor’s degree in history from St. Vincent College in Western Pennsylvania, he graduated from Villanova Law School in 2012 and, since then, has litigated hundreds of workers’ compensation hearings and trial depositions on behalf of both employers and injured workers.  During this time, Mr. Ring has written articles and presented Continuing Legal Education courses on developments in Pennsylvania Workers’ Compensation Law.  He is active in local professional organizations, and, in 2022, he served a Co-chairperson of the Philadelphia Bar Associations Workers’ Compensation Section.

Since coming to EOL in 2024, he has dedicated his practice entirely to helping injured workers navigate the system and obtain their rightful benefits.

Joe is licensed to practice in Pennsylvania.

Brandon Zanan heads the personal injury claim department with Ethen Ostroff Law.

Brandon’s education in both law and medicine assist him in expertly representing badly injured victims. Brandon has a Master’s Degree in Forensic Medicine from the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, with a concentration in anatomy and pathology. With this knowledge,  Brandon is skilled at analyzing medical records and understanding injuries that are common in personal injury claims. He uses this expertise in conjunction with listening carefully to each client’s needs, in order to fiercely advocate for clients and tell their stories when they would not otherwise have a voice.

Brandon’s background includes a variety of experience and skills in various areas of civil practice. He is the author and editor of numerous books for the George T. Bisel Publishing Company, including “Pennsylvania Damages” and the “Pennsylvania Vehicle Code Annotated,” two texts that are frequently relied on by lawyers and judges across Pennsylvania as authoritative resources on personal injury law.

Brandon is a member of the Pennsylvania and Montgomery Bar Associations. He is also a member of Pennsylvania Association for Justice, and has served as an executive board member of the Montgomery American Inn of Court.

He is admitted to practice in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the United States District Courts for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania and Middle District of Pennsylvania, the State of New Jersey, the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey, and in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Brandon has represented many clients in motor vehicle, premises liability, animal bite, and products liability cases across Pennsylvania and New Jersey and has obtained outstanding results with millions of dollars recovered for his clients.

He has been named a Pennsylvania Rising Star from 2021 onward. The “Super Lawyers-Rising Star®”, list recognizes no more than 2.5 percent of attorneys in each state

Brandon currently lives in Malvern with his wife Rachel and their son Max.

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Submissions

You are solely responsible for any information, content, or material you transmit to or through the Site (“Submissions”). You understand that Submissions are considered non-confidential and non-proprietary. Furthermore, you grant EO an unrestricted, irrevocable, perpetual, transferable, sublicensable, worldwide, royalty-free license to use, copy, reproduce, display, publish, publicly perform, transmit, and distribute any Submission, without compensation or accounting to you or anyone else. You represent and warrant that: (a) you have the right to submit the Submission to EO and grant the licenses as described above; (b) EO will not need to obtain licenses from any third party or pay royalties to any third party for its use of the Submission; (c) the Submission does not infringe any third party’s rights, including intellectual property rights and privacy rights; and (d) the Submission complies with these Terms of Use and all applicable laws and regulations.

EO takes no responsibility and assumes no liability for any Submission.

Arbitration

Any and all claims by you arising out of or related to the Site or your use thereof may be resolved only through a binding arbitration proceeding to be conducted under the auspices of the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. Both your agreement to arbitrate all controversies, disputes and claims, and the results and awards rendered through the arbitration, will be final and binding on you and may be specifically enforced by legal proceedings. Arbitration will be the sole means of resolving such controversies, disputes and claims, and you waive your rights to resolve such controversies, disputes and claims by court proceedings or any other means. You agree that judgment may be entered on the award in any court of competent jurisdiction and, therefore, any award rendered shall be binding. The arbitrator may not consolidate more than one person’s claims, and may not otherwise preside over any form of a representative or class proceeding. You understand that by agreeing to arbitration as a mechanism to resolve all controversies, disputes and claims between us, you are waiving certain rights, including the right to bring an action in court, the right to a jury trial, the right to broad discovery, and the right to an appeal. You understand that in the context of arbitration, a case is decided by an arbitrator (one or more), not by a judge or a jury.

International Use

The Site is controlled, operated, and administered by EO from offices within the United States of America and is only intended for use therein. We make no representation regarding use of the Site outside of the United States.

Other Terms

If, for any reason, our Terms of Use, Privacy Policy, or any portion thereof to be unenforceable, such provision shall be enforced to the maximum extent permissible so as to give the intended effect thereof, and the remainder of these Terms of Use and Privacy Policy shall continue in full force and effect. EO’s failure to act with respect to a breach by you or others does not waive our right to act with respect to that breach or subsequent or similar breaches. No consent or waiver by EO hereof will be deemed effective unless in writing. These Terms of Use, together with our Privacy Policy, as each is currently posted, constitute the entire agreement between EO and you with respect to your use of the Site and supersede all previous written or oral agreements relating to the subject matter hereof, that this agreement shall not supersede, restrict, or replace any agreements governing the attorney-client relationship between EO and EO Clients.

EO may, in its sole discretion and without prior notice, block and/or terminate your access to the Site and if we determine that you have violated these Terms of Use or other terms or agreements or that may be associated therewith or if you use the Site in a way that we deem, in our sole discretion, to be an unacceptable use.